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“When”作连词时的用法及译法总结
编辑:admin 时间:2015/6/24 9:41:56 来源:高中学习网

  对英语学习者来说,when是一个常见的单词,所以一看到when就会脱口而出“当……时候”.这种翻译有时会闹出笑话甚至与其本意“南辕北辙”.因此,熟练掌握when作连词时的几种用法尤为重要。笔者结合自己的教学经历对when的用法及译法做如下总结:

  一、When作从属连词,引导状语从句

  1. when 译为“当……时候”

  这是when 最基本的用法,引导时间状语从句。
  1)从句可放句首或句末。放句首时,从句后面用逗号;放句末时,不用逗号。
  【典例】The whole world were very anxious when the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 was reported.当马航失联客机MH370被报道时,世人都很着急。
  When he was yet a child, he was fond of swimming.当他还是个孩子的时候,就喜欢游泳。
  It was March 22,2014 Michelle Obama delivered a speech at Peking University.
  A.that B.when C.since D.before
  解析 此题考查when 的用法“当……时候”.句意为:“米歇尔•奥巴马于2014年3月22日在北京大学演讲。”
  【高考链接】 (2013年安徽卷) It's much easier to make friends you have similar interests.
  A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that
  解析 此题考查状语从句的连接词。when 表时间。句意为:“当你们有相似的兴趣时,你们会更容易成为朋友。”所以答案是B.
  2)when既可引导持续性动作,又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。
  【典例】When I came here, I saw Mary reading English.当我到这儿时,我看到玛丽在读英语。
  Many people were killed or injured when the police arrived at the Kunming railway station at night on March 1,2014. 2014年3月1日晚,当警察到达昆明火车站时,已有许多伤亡。
  3)从句中常用一般现在时替代一般将来时,用一般过去时替代过去将来时。
  【典例】I will tell him the news when he comes here tomorrow.明天他来时,我将告诉他这则消息。
  They would be excited when they knew their grades.当他们知道他们的成绩时,他们会很激动的。

  2. when 译为“一/刚……就”

  1)when 相当于as soon as /immediately/instantly/directly等词的意思,引导时间状语从句。
  【典例】We will start when the monitor comes. 班长一来,我们就出发。
  2) when用于固定结构“hardly/scarcely…when…”.
  此时when 可换作before. 注意:当把hardly/scarcely放句首时,句子需部分倒装。
  【典例】I had hardly arrived home last night when it began to rain.
  Hardly had I arrived home last night when it began to rain.昨晚我一到家,天就下雨了。
  【高考链接】
  (2010年福建卷)The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
  A.before B.until C.as D.since
  解析 本题考查固定句型hardly…when/before…, 意为“一……就”.句意为:“这个女孩刚一按门铃,门就开了,她的朋友冲出来迎接她。”答案选A.
  (2012年全国卷)I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
  A.when B.than C.until D.after
  解析 考查固定结构。句意为:“我刚到办公室,我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。”本句是“hardly…when…”结构,表示“刚……就……”,故答案选A.

  3. when 译为“如果……”

  when相当于if,引导条件状语从句。
  【典例】Turn off the light when nobody is in the classroom.如果教室没人了,把灯关上。
  Smog will be distant from us when everyone fights against pollution.
  如果人人都与污染作斗争,雾霾就会远离我们。

  4. when译为“虽然,尽管”

  when引导让步状语从句,相当于though/although/as.
  【典例】He usually walks when he might ride.虽然可以坐车,他通常总是步行。

  5. when译为“既然,考虑到”

  when引导原因状语从句,此时相当于since“既然”.
  【典例】How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen? 既然你从来都不听,你怎能期望有所收获呢?
  Why use metal when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料,为什么要用金属呢?
  How could you , when you know that it's impolite to stare at others for a long time?
  既然你知道长时间盯着别人看是不礼貌的,那你怎么还这样做呢?
  【典例】—It cost me 30 yuan to come here.
  —Well, it was crazy of you to take a taxi you would come by bus as well.
  A.when B.while C.unless D.because
  解析 此题考查状语从句连接词。when在句中引导原因状语认句,相当于since/considering that.句意为:“既然可以坐汽车,你乘出租车来这儿,真是疯了。”

  6. when译为“然后”

  【典例】I stayed till noon, when I went home.我呆到中午,然后就回家了。


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