二、一般过去时
1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。这时常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last night,this morning,two days ago,in 2000,during the night等。
She bought a pair of woollen hose yesterday.昨天她买了一双毛线袜子。
I went to the cinema last night.昨晚我去看电影了。
Did you get up early this morning?你今天早上起得早吗?
They arrived here two days ago.他们两天前到达这里。
They finished it in 2000.他们在2000年完成了这件事。
The child woke three times during the night.这孩子夜间醒了三次。
2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。这时常和often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。
We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩儿。
He always went to work by bike last year.他去年经常骑自行车上班。
3. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
They planned to go outing if it was fine the next day.他们计划如果第二天天气好的话就去郊游。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came back.海伦把钥匙忘在了办公室里,因此,她得等到她丈夫回来。
4. 在虚拟语气中表示对现在、将来的愿望或假设。
What would you do if you were John?如果你是约翰,你会怎么做?
If I were to ask him for a loan,would he agree?如果我向他借钱的话,他能同意吗？
I wish the weather were better.要是天气好一点就好了。
5. 在由before,after,as soon as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作与主句的动作前后紧接着时,可用一般过去时代替过去完成时(即两动作都用一般过去时)。
Before he died,I remembered the promise that he had made to me many years before.他死之前我记起了他多年前对我的承诺。
After I finished my job,I sat down to read newspaper.干完活后我坐下来读报。
6. 当谈及过去一系列平行动作时,可都用一般过去时表示“同时”或“先后”。
She ran to the table,picked up her baby in her arms.她跑到桌边,把她的婴儿抱在怀里。
He ran out and shut the door.他跑了出去,并关上了门。
He closed his eyes and made a wish.他闭上眼睛许了个愿。
7. 在谈论去世的人物时,用一般过去时侧重当时的情况,用一般现在时侧重对现在的影响。
Luxun was a great writer.鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。
Beethoven is one of the greatest representatives of German classical music.贝多芬是德国古典音乐最伟大的代表之一。
三、一般将来时
1. 表示将来有意识或无意识发生的动作或存在的状态。这时常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next Sunday等。
It is said that it will be good weather tomorrow.据说明天是好天气。
Will we see you again next week?我们下星期会再见到你吗?
My husband will come back in a few days.我丈夫几天后就回来。
The boat will sail next Sunday.这艘船将于下星期日起航。
I'll have eggs and toast for breakfast tomorrow morning.明天早饭我吃鸡蛋和烤面包。
2. 表示一种倾向或一种固有性或经常发生的动作。
Without air a living thing will die.没有空气,生物就会死亡。
When it gets warmer the snow will start to melt.当天气变暖时,雪就开始融化。
A chair will not stand on two legs.只有两条腿的椅子是站不住的。
3. 一般将来时其他用法
1）“be going to+动词原形”可表示“就要…”“打算…”等安排好的事或将要发生的事。
常与arrive, go, leave, start等表示位移的动词连用。
Where are you going to go tomorrow? Have you proposed?明天你到什么地方去？你打算好了吗?
Pack your things.We're going to leave.把你的东西收拾好,我们就要走了。
The meeting is going to start at seven.会议将在7点开始。
He is going to be a teacher when he grows up.他长大了要当老师。
We're not going to have any classes next week.我们下周没课。
2） “be to+动词原形”可以表示按计划、安排、命令、职责、要求即将发生的动作,也可以表示命令、禁止等。
We are to see our English teacher next Sunday.我们下周日去看我们的英语老师。
You are not to cheat in the examination.考试中不许作弊。
They are to be back by 5 o'clock.他们5点钟必须回来。
3）“be about to+动词原形”也可表示即刻就要发生的动作。
The train is about to start.火车即将启动。
The summer harvest is about to start.夏收即将开始。
The jury is about to announce the winners.评委会即将宣布优胜者。
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