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高考英语语法:不定式
编辑:admin 时间:2015/6/29 9:27:57 来源:高中学习网

一、动词不定式的性质

1. 不定式的动词性质表现在:可有时态和语态的变化,可有自己的宾语和状语并与其组成不定式短语。
Tom was too clever a student to be bluffed.汤姆是个很聪明的学生,不会被虚张声势吓倒的。
Be careful not to be beaten up by the enemy.当心别遭敌人暗算。
She doesn't like to make a scene before strangers.当着生人的面,她不愿大吵大闹。
2. 不定式的名词性质表现在:在句中可用作主语或宾语等。
To be content with little is true happiness.知足常乐。
To err is human,to forgive is divine.犯错是人之常情,宽容才是超凡脱俗。
To do drill is important in language learning.做练习对语言学习来说很重要。
He promised to give me a gift.他答应过给我一件礼物。
I would adore to settle back homeland.我非常喜欢回家乡定居。

二、动词不定式在句中的作用

1. 作主语,或在形式主语结构中作真正的主语。
To serve the people is our duty.为人民服务是我们的职责。
It's been lucky to find you.能找到你是一种幸运。
It's very agreeable to have you here.你在这里很令人愉快。
2. 作主语。
The important thing is to save lives.救人要紧。
This police officer's job is to detect fraud.这位警官负责侦查欺诈案。
The drug is to be taken in drops.这种药要一点点地服用。
3. 作宾语,或在形式宾语结构中作真正的宾语。
I hope to see her soon.我希望很快见到她。
Have you decided to marry her?你决定娶她了吗? I thought it wrong to do this thing.我认为做这件事是错的。
I'm preparing to take the examination next week.我在准备下周的考试。
作定语,通常置于其所修饰的名词或代词之后,与其所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系。
The bus to arrive was from New York.到站的汽车是从纽约开来的。
I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。
I want to get something to read during the vacation.我想找点书假期看。
Do you have anything more to say?你还有什么话要说吗?
4. 作同位语。
The officer gave the order to stop the attack.军官发出了停止进攻的命令。
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up.他照吩咐沿某一条街走,我在那里让他搭车。
They had received instructions to watch him.他们收到了监视他的命令。
5. 作目的状语,其逻辑主语通常是全句的主语。
Jack went shopping to buy something.杰克去商店买了一些东西。
I stayed there to see what would happen.我留在那里看看会发生什么事。
They ran over to welcome the delegates.他们跑过去迎接代表们。
6. 作结果状语,其逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语。
The task is too easy to finish.这项任务很容易完成。
What have I done to offend you?我干了什么惹你生气了?
7. 作原因状语,其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语。
I'm miserable to hear the message.听到这个消息我很难过。
I trembled to think of it.我一想到那件事就不寒而栗。
8. 作让步状语。
You couldn't do that to help your friends.你即使为了帮你的朋友也不能那样做。
9. 作条件状语。
To look at him you could hardly help laughing.看到他你就会忍不住笑起来。
10. 作宾语补足语,宾语与用作补足语的不定式构成复合宾语,二者在逻辑上是主谓关系。
I'll leave you to look after my house.我将托你照看我的房子。
We believe her to be innocent.我们相信她无罪。
11. 作主语补足语。
Heat is considered to be a form of energy.热被看作是一种能量。
The big building was found to be empty.这座大建筑物被发现是空的。
12. 作独立成分。
To tell the truth,it wasted time to see that film.说实在的,看那样的电影真是浪费时间。
To be specific,the argument in your graduation thesis is logical.具体地说,你的毕业论文符合逻辑。
How time flies,to be sure!时光真是过得快啊!


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