3. 宾语从句

(1) that引导的宾语从句
I know that he is friendly and hospitable.
我知道他很友好而且好客。
(由连接代词引导）
Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading with one another .
几乎所有的经济学家都承认，各国在相互的贸易中受益。
注：① they told us once again that the situation was serious .
他告诉我们说形势是严重的。
(亦可以说They told us that once again that the situation was serious).
(他们告诉我们说形势又严重了)但是两句中的that皆不可以省去，否则会产生歧义。
② He said he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand.
他说他不能马上告诉你，你是不会理解的。
(said 之后可以省去that，但第二个that 不可省去。)
③ That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。(that 从句置于句首是，that 不可省去)
④ We decided ,in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.
鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定给他一段试用期
(2) 连接代词、连接副词以及连接词whether/if引导的宾语从句
History innguists stdudy how languages evolve over time
历史语言学家研究语言是如何随着时间的推移而发展的。(由连接副词引导)
Do you know when we shall have a meeting?
你知道我们什么时候开会吗？(由连接副词引导)
I asked him if he sure what he is doing.
我问他是否确信知道自己在做什么？(连接词if以及连接代词引导)
The teacher asked me whether or not I finished my work?
老师问我是否完成了作业。(连接词wheter引导)
(3) 名词性关系代词what，whatever，whichever，whoever引导的宾语从句
He gave whoever asked for it a copy of his latest paper.
不论谁要他都将他最近写的论文给他一份。
The President is determined to resist what he regards as blackmail by the terrorists. 总统决心抵制他所认为的恐怖分子的敲诈。
You can call me whatever you like.
你叫我什么都行。
You may choose which appeals to you.
你对哪个感兴趣就可以选哪个。
Use which method you prefer.
你喜欢哪个方法就用哪个方法。

4. 介词宾语从句

(1) that引导的介词宾语从句
that引导的介词宾语从句仅限于用在except，but，notwithstanding等少数介词后。
His account is correct except that some details are omitted.
除了有些细节未提到外，他的叙述是正确的。
He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.
要不是他那时缺钱，他一定会帮助我们的。
(2) 连接代词和连接副词引导的介词宾语从句
I have no definite information yet as to which route he will take.
对他将走哪条路线，我们还没有确切的情报。
I know nothing about the matter except what you told me.
除你告诉我的情况以外，对此事我一无所知。
但要注意：引导介词宾语从句的whether不能换作if。
(3) 名词性关系代词what， whatever， whichever， whoever引导的介词宾语从句
The boy was interested in whatever he saw here
那孩子对在那里看到的任何事物都感兴趣。
The first prize should go to whoever writes best.
头等奖应颁给最优秀的作者。