四、定语从句关系代词that与which的区别
1. that和which一般可换用。
This is the book which/that you asked for.这是你要的书。
2. 当先行词为不定代词, 如：
anything, nothing, everything, all, any, little, few, none, much, one等时用that。
Don't do anything that is beneath you.不要做有损身价的事。
There is nothing that doesn't contain contradiction.没有什么事物是不包含矛盾的。
Don't believe everything that he tells you.他给你讲的不要事事都相信。
I can credit all that you are telling me.我可以相信你告诉我的一切。
The conference was similar to any that had gone before.I don't want to come again.会议与以往的差不多,我再也不想来了。
Nearly all the wine had been drunk,but we finished the little that was left.酒差不多喝光了,不过我们还是把剩下的那点儿干了。
His proposal contains much that is reasonable.他的建议包含不少合理的因素。
A hateful person is one that arouses feelings of hatred in you.可憎之人就是会使你产生憎恨之情的人。
A deep subject is one that is hard to understand.深奥的问题是难以理解的。
3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时用that。
The third tree that I planted was cut down by someone again.我种下的第三棵树又被人砍倒了。
He gives the driest speech that I have ever listened to.他的讲话是我所听过的最枯燥的。
The worst matter that I am afraid of happened in the end.我担心的最糟的事情终于发生了。
The first thing that I want to do now is to have a drink.我现在想做的第一件事就是喝点酒。
It was the largest map that I ever saw.那是我所看见过的最大的地图。
4. 当先行词被all,any,every,each,few,no,some等词修饰时,关系代词用that。
They pushed open all the windows that remained closed for a whole month.他们把整整关了一个月的窗子都推开了。
All the presents that your friends give you on your birthday should be put away.你生日那天你的朋友送给你的礼物都必须收好。
I have some things that I must do today.我有一些今天必须做的工作。
Would you please correct any wrong spellings that you find?请改正你发现的拼写错误,好吗？
There is every chance that she will succeed.她完全有机会取得成功。
I have no money that I can spare.我没有多余的钱。
He quickly knocked out the few things that had to be looked after before leaving.他迅速办好了几件动身前必须料理的事情。
5. 当先行词被the very,the only,the same,the last修饰时,关系代词用that。
This is the very book that I have been looking for.这是我一直寻找的那本书。
She is the very person that I wanted to see.她正是我要见的人。
He was the only person that could rule over the tribes.他是唯一能统治那些部族的人。
He is the only one of us that knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。
That's the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.这个人与前天求援的是同一个人。
It is the same song that I heard yesterday afternoon.这就是我昨天下午听的那首歌。
He is the last man that I want.他是我最不想见的人。
She was the last person that came back.她是最后一个回来的人。
6. 当先行词中既有人又有物时,关系代词用that。
He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.他望着塞满车的孩子和包裹。
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered in school.我们谈到了我们还记得的学校中的人和事。
7. 当主句是由who或which开头的疑问句时,关系代词用that。
Which of the books that you bought yesterday was written by Bacon?你昨天买的哪本书是培根写的？
8. 引导非限制性定语从句用which,不用that。
He proudly pointed out the biggest sheep,which already weighed 150 kilograms.他骄傲地把最大的一只羊指给我们看,它已经有150千克重了。
The women never drink in this manner,which is absolutely special to men.妇女从来不用这种方式喝酒,这完完全全是男人喝酒的方式。
Glass,which breaks at a blow,is,nevertheless,capable of withstanding great pressure.玻璃尽管一击就碎,却能承受很大的压力。
9. 介词之后须用which。
I dislike the school to which he belongs.我不喜欢他所在的那所学校。
If you run back over the season, you can't pick out a game in which he played badly.如果你回顾一下那个赛季,你找不出他哪一场打得不好。
This is the point,from which all distances are measured.从这一点开始来测量各个方向的距离。
10. 当先行词为something时,关系代词可用that,也可用which。
Painting is something that I really enjoy doing.绘画才是我真正喜欢做的事。
We may eventually become members of the club, but this is not something that should be rushed into.我们最终会成为俱乐部成员的,但不能草率行事。
Freedom is something which is won,not granted.自由是争取来的,不是别人赏赐的。
I've just struck on something which might be of use to us.我刚才想到一个办法可能会对我们有用。
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