六、条件状语从句
1. 条件状语从句表条件。真实条件指真的或可能变为现实的条件；非真实条件指非现实或不(大)可能变为现实的条件。非真实条件句用法见“虚拟语气”。真实条件状语从句用陈述语气,其关联词有：
if, unless, suppose, supposing (that), assuming (that), providing/provided (that), in the event (that), just so (that), given (that), in case (that), on condition (that), as/so long as等。
If you demand his presence,warn him in advance.如果你要他来,就事先通知他。
Don't ask me to explain unless you really don't understand.不要叫我解释,除非你真的不懂。
Suppose they did not believe him what would they do to him?如果他们不信任他,他们会对他怎样?
Supposing he can't come,who will take the place of him?如果他不能来,谁来代替他呢？
Assuming that you are right,we'll make a great deal of money from the project.假定你是正确的,那我们将会从这项工程中赚得许多钱。
Providing (that) there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.如果没有人反对,我们就在这儿开会。
She will go provided her friends can go also.如果她的朋友也能去,她就去。
In the event that he has not been told,I will tell him.如果还没有人告诉他,我去告诉他。
He doesn't mind inconveniencing others just so he's comfortable.他只要自己舒服,别人不方便他就不管了。
Given that they're inexperienced,they've done a good job.在缺乏经验的情况下,他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。
In case he comes,let me know.如果他来的话,告诉我一声。
Ｈe can use the bicycle on condition (that) he returns it tomorrow.自行车可以借给他,条件是明天必须还。
You'll stay in bed as long as you like—there's no law against it.你尽可以躺在床上——这没关系的。
2. 条件状语从句可置于主句之前或之后。
I'll write to your parents if you're late again.如果你再迟到,我就给你父母写信。
Unless you have already spoken to her,I will be very angry .除非你已经对她说过了,否则我会很生气。
3. if从句中的有些成分也可省略。
I'm happy if you are.你高兴我就高兴。
If necessary,ring me at home.必要时可打电话到我家。
If anyone,he knows.如有人知道,那就是他了。
七、让步状语从句
1. 让步状语从句表让步,即“虽然”“尽管”“即使”等概念,其关联词有：
though,although,if,even though/if,when,while,whereas,however,whatever,no matter how/who...,for all (that),in spite of the fact that等。
It's quite pleasant today,though the wind is rather cool.尽管风有点凉,今天天气还是很不错的。
Although my car is very old,it still runs very well.我的汽车虽然很旧,但仍然没什么毛病。
If he is poor,at least he is honest.他虽然穷,但至少是诚实的。
We will go even though/if it rains.即使下雨,我们也要去。
He refuses help when he has many friends.他虽有许多朋友,但却拒绝帮助。
While I admit his good point,I can see his shortcomings.尽管我承认他的优点,我还能看到他的缺点。
Whereas the amendment is enthusiastically supported by a large majority in the Senate,its fate is doubtful in the House.尽管此修正案在参议院得到了多数议员的热情支持,但在众议院其命运却很难确定。
It's raining hard. However,I still want to go there.虽然天下着大雨,我还是想去那儿。
Smoking is harmful,whatever your cigarettes.抽烟是有害的,不管你抽的烟怎么样。
No matter what you say,I like to listen.不管你说什么,我都喜欢听。
Don't open the door,no matter who calls!不管谁叫门,都不要开!
For all you say,I think she's the best teacher we've got.不管你怎么说,我仍然认为她是我们最好的老师。
He went out in spite of the fact that he had a bad cold.尽管他感冒很厉害,但还是外出了。
2. 让步状语从句可置于主句之前或之后。
Though he's fool,I like him nonetheless.虽然他很笨,我仍然喜欢他。
They are generous,although they are poor.他们尽管穷,却十分慷慨。
Even though I were starving,I would not ask a favour of him.我即使挨饿,也不愿求他帮忙。
They want a house,whereas we would rather live in a flat.他们想要一幢房子,可我们宁愿住公寓。
八、方式状语从句
1. 方式状语从句表动作的方式,其关联词有：as, as though / if, the way, how等。
You ought to write as he does.你应该像他那样写。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.他装作若无其事的样子。
Do it the way you were taught.要照教你的那样做。
Do it how you can.你可按自己之所能去做。
2. as though和as if意思相同,可换用,从句既可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。
It looks as if a storm is brewing.看样子一场暴风雨即将来临。
His father loves me as if/though I were his son.他父亲喜欢我,好像我是他的儿子。
3. 方式状语从句中的有些成分也可省略。
He did as told.他遵嘱而行。
He paused as if expecting her to speak.他停顿了一下,好像是等待她说话似的。
When he had finished he waited as though for a reply.说完之后,他好像在等待回答。
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