引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
一、直接引语与间接引语时态变化
1. 主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时,从句谓语动词不变。
Williams says,“I am your friend.”威廉斯说：“我是你的朋友。”(直接引语)
Williams says he is my friend.威廉斯说他是我的朋友。(间接引语)
Jacelin will say,“The boy was lazy.”杰斯林会说:“那男孩过去懒惰。”(直接引语)
Jacelin will tell you that the boy was lazy.杰斯林将会告诉你那男孩过去懒惰。(间接引语)
2. 主句谓语动词为一般过去时时,从句谓语动词要作如下变化：
一般现在时 → 一般过去时
一般过去时 →(多变为)过去完成时
一般将来时 → 过去将来时
现在进行时 → 过去进行时
现在完成时 → 过去完成时
过去完成时 → 过去完成时(不变)
现在完成进行时 → 过去完成进行时
She said,“I like Chinese very much.”她说：“我非常喜欢中文。”
She said that she liked Chinese very much.她说她非常喜欢中文。
He said,“I bought a new watch.”他说：“我买了一块新手表。”
He said he had bought a new watch.他说他买了一块新手表。
Jane said,“Our train will arrive in five minutes.”简说：“我们坐的火车5分钟后即可到达。”
Jane said that the train would arrive in five minutes.简说他们坐的火车5分钟后即可到达。
He said,“I'm watching TV.”他说：“我在看电视。”
He said that he was watching TV.他说他在看电视。
Joan said,“I have found the watch.”琼说：“我找到手表了。”
Joan said that she had found the watch.琼说她找到手表了。
She said,“I had finished it before noon.”她说：“我在中午之前就完成了。”
She said she had finished it before noon.她说她在中午之前就完成了。
He said,“I've been writing letters all the morning.”他说：“我写了一上午信。”
He said that he had been writing letters all the morning.他说他写了一上午信。
3. 直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时,如与一个具体的表示过去的时间(如in 2002,last week等)连用,在变为间接引语时可以不变。
My father said to me,“I went to the Great Wall in 1996.”我父亲对我说：“我1996年去过长城。”(直接引语)
My father told me he went to the Great Wall in 1996.我父亲告诉我他1996年去过长城。(间接引语)
4. 直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时,在变为间接引语时时态可不变。
The geography teacher said to us,“The earth is oblate.”地理老师对我们说：“地球是扁平的。”(直接引语)
The geography teacher told us that the earth is oblate.地理老师告诉我们地球是扁平的。(间接引语)
5. 直接引语中所包含的时间状语从句,其时态可以不变。
They said,“We have been working on it ever since we came back.”他们说：“自从我们回来就一直在做这件事。”(直接引语)
They said they had been working on it ever since they came back.他们说自从他们回来就一直在做这件事。(间接引语)
二、直接引语变成间接引语时代词与动词的变化
1. 直接引语变成间接引语时,人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应的变化。
The student said to the teacher,“I have left my homework at home.”学生对老师说：“我把家庭作业落在家里了。”(直接引语)
The student told the teacher that he had left his homework at home.学生对老师说他把他的家庭作业落在家里了。(间接引语)
2. 直接引语变成间接引语时,指示代词的变化是：this→that
these→those
She said,“Joe is coming this week.”她说：“乔这个星期来。”(直接引语)
She said that Joe was going that week.她说乔那个星期去。(间接引语)
He said,“These balls are mine.”他说：“这些球是我的。”(直接引语)
He said those balls were his.他说那些球是他的。(间接引语)
2. 直接引语变成间接引语时,动词也须根据情况作相应变化,如come变为go。如果在当地转述,come可不变。
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