Passage 5

      When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are about some of the factors that lead to these different senses.

      (1)Each person's senses of others are formed by his or her own cultural condition, education, and personal experiences.
      (2)Sometimes senses differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. It is not necessarily true that person sense is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person: or you may center mainly on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
      (3)Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don't see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states.  This is a process known as selective sense. Selective sense is obviously more dif- ficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽略) the stimulus "He's basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting.

      "We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information  "All kids get into naughty hehavior. Taking a book from bookstore isn't such a big deal. "We can change the meaning of the contradictory information   It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later."

l. The first factor given by the author that affects our sense is_________.
   A. the abilities of one's hearing and seeing sensors
   B. cultural background and personal experiences
   C. experiences one learns from others
   D. critical measures taken by other people
答案：B 指导：由第一因素就是"cultural conditionand personal experiences"可知B为最佳选项。
2. While observing a particular person,
   A. One ix likely to talk all aspects into consideration
   B. Otie pays more attention to }lis , her advantages
   C. children often differ from grown ups in sense
   D. one tends to choose certain cues(提示)to look for
答案：D 指导：据文中第一段最后一句“有几个因素导致不同的感觉”，另外，由第二个因素中第三句"controlledbywhatothers have told you about this person"可知D为最佳选项。
3. Observation of the same person by two people at the same  rime may differ because_______.
   A.their measuring standards arc not the same
   B. either of them may be slow to catch information
   C. the time for observation is not long enough
   D. each of them uses different language to express his her impressions
答案：A 指导：据作者给出的三个因素：①据自己的文化背景和切身经历；②我们所看到的和我们处理所看到东西的方法；③我们自己切身需要。所以A为正确选项，不同人的不同标准。
4. The underlined word "stimulus" in Paragraph 4  refers to_________.
   A. something attractive
   B. selective sense
   C. contradictory information
   D. shoplifting
答案：C 指导：据文中倒数第五句“When contradictory infor mation is particularly obvious，but it can be done"和后面所举的例子，“如果一个好孩子在书店中偷书……”可知C项为最佳选项，忽视矛盾性的重要性。