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高考英语阅读理解猜词技巧
编辑:admin 时间:2015/7/7 8:39:04 来源:高中学习网

  技巧1:被猜词和正确选项的感情色彩必契合

  此技巧中,考生先去原文的上下文中确定被猜词的感情色彩,如果是“扬”的,则从A,B,C,D中选择感情色彩是扬的。反之则从四个选项中选择感情色彩是“抑”的选项。然后把“扬”或“抑”的词带入原文语境,符合语境的最佳选项为正确答案。
  例:2012年湖北卷B篇
  As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where's the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river?
  57. The underlined word “paralyzed” (in Para. 5) is closest in meaning to “_______”.
  A. displayed      B. justified     C. ignored                    D. ruined
  解析:找回原文当句,发现被猜词处在一个定语从句当中修饰mysteries (神秘事物),填补到定语从句中你会发现mysteries would otherwise paralyzed my first attempts to do it. Mysteries根据朗文字典对它的解释: “a subject, activity etc. that is very complicated, secret, or difficult to understand, and that people want to learn about” ,可知它为一个贬义词,当然它发出的动作paralyzed也为一个不好的动作,即贬。  只有C选项的ignored与D选项的ruined与其感情色彩符合。把C和D分别带入原文发现,ruin更符合原文 “破坏我的第一次尝试”一义。故D是正确答案。

  技巧2:灵活运用顺反逻辑

  1. 猜词,猜短语的意思
  根据被猜词在原文中的逻辑词去猜测词义。如果在原文中有并列,因果等逻辑词,则被猜词和原文中某词意思是相同或相近的,反之遇到对比、转折、让步则为意义相反的。
  例:12年北京卷B篇
  Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
  62.  The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.
  A. annoyed                       B. ashamed
  C. ready                          D. eager
  解析:根据选文,burning 所在的当句翻译成中文为“站在不太友好的同学面前,我完全疑惑不解。把报纸低下来回到座位上坐下来,burning去发现自己做错了什么。”可见,“I was totally lost.”与“I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong”是“隐性”因果关系,即因为我完全疑惑不解,所以我坐下来burning去发现自己做错了什么。由于疑惑不解,所以burning肯定是“想知道”之意,即想知道自己做错了什么。只有eager有渴望,想之意。故D为正确选项。

  2. 猜this/that/it/them/they/one/ones 等代词的含义
  猜This,it,them,they,one和ones等代词含义,记好六个字:“就近承前指代”,即:猜这些代词代替的内容,往这些词前面找,就近的地方会出现它们指代的内容。
  这里要提醒各位,猜词过程中要特别注意被猜代词的数(单复数),性(所代替词的词性),逻辑,感情线(扬还是抑)。
  这里要特别提醒各位考生, it / that / this 可以代指一件事。
  例1:13年江苏卷D篇
  Twain's racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth-mostly with white men performing in black-face-and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
  69. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
  A. The attacks. B. Slavery and prejudice.   C. White men.    D. The shows.
  解析:They 肯定代指前面可数名词复数,且其后动作是did not 过去时。按照就近承前原则有2个词满足条件,1个是attacks, 另一个是shows, 由于attacks 后面的动作是suggest,现在时而非过去时,排除。重点考虑shows, shows前面动作是saw过去时,满足要求。答案选shows即可。

  3.猜句子的含义
  这种猜词题的解题步骤为:
  第一步:找回被猜句子当句,分析其字面意思
  第二步:读被猜句子上一句和下一句,明确三句之间的顺反逻辑。
  例1:11年福建卷D篇
  Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth. Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself. In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind. Her books are the autobiography she never wrote. Her role, as First Lady, in the end, was overshadowed by her performance as an editor. However, few knew that she had achieved so much.
  69. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that___________,
  A. Jacqueline's ended up as an editor rather than as First Lady
  B. Jacqueline's life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editor
  C. Jacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First Lady
  D. Jacqueline's role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor
  解析:
  第一步:找回被猜句当句,分析其字面意思。被猜句中可能存在不认识的单词“overshadowed”。我们暂且不理会它,只理解句中自己认识的词。该句中文翻译为:最终,作为第一夫人,她的表现被作为编辑overshadowed。
  第二步:读被猜句子上一句和下一句,理清三句的顺反逻辑。所以读“Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.”和“However, few knew that she had achieved so much.”两句。根据however 一词,我们发现当句与其下句few knew that she had achieved so much为反的逻辑。从下句可知,Jacqueline作为一名editor是很优秀,但是这点很少被大众知悉,言下之意是大众更加关注Jacqueline作为第一夫人,但事实是她作为编辑其实更加出彩。也就是作为第一夫人,她的表现被作为编辑赶下去了。这点与C选项的“她作为编辑更加成功”不谋而合,故C为 正确选项。


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