4. 动名词

4.1 动名词在句中的作用
　　动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。
4.1.1 动名词作主语：
Talking like that is not polite. 那样谈话不礼貌。
Learning from others is important. 向别人学习很重要。
Putting on more clothes is not so good. 多穿衣服不一定好。动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home. 在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。
It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 爬这座山很困难。
4.1.2 动名词作表语
The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 护士的工作是护理病人。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
4.1.3 动名词作宾语
　　有些动词须用动名词来作宾语, 它们是 begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.
Please stop smoking in the house. 请不要在家里抽烟。
I like reading in the forest. 我喜欢在树林里读书。
Do you mind my opening the windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗？
She is found of collecting stamp. 她喜欢集邮。
4.1.4 动名词作定语
She is studying in the reading room. 她在阅览室学习。
He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉。
　　 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词
He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。
We considered not doing it now. 我们考虑现在不做这件事 。
4.2 动名词的时态：
　　动名词的一般时 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。
I enjoy swimming in the big river. 我喜欢在大河里游泳。
I am used to watching TV in the evening. 我习惯于晚上看电视。
　　动名词的完成时：动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。
She regret not having studied the computer hard. 她后悔没有努力学习计算机。
Do you remember having promised me that? 你记得给我许愿了吗？
4.3 动名词的被动形式
　　当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。
His being looked down upon made him sick.  他被人冷落使他很伤感。
I can't really stand being treated like that. 我简直受不了这样的对待。