3、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错
(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对)This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对)I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 ( 主、谓、宾、定、状 ) ,也能正确选择出关系代词 / 关系副词。
例 1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例 1 D ,例 2 A
例 1 变为肯定句:This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例 2 变为肯定句:This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句 1 中,所缺部分为宾语,而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用,只有 the one 既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选 D 。
而句 2 中 , 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词 where ,又因 in the museum 词组,可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词 on 用的不对,所以选 A 。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose) ;先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语 ) 。