代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
代词可分以下八类:
1. 人称代词 主格(在句中作主语)有: I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格(在句中作宾语)有 me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them
2. 物主代词 形容词性的物主代词(作定语)有 my, your, his , her, its, our, your ,their 名词性的物主代词(作主语、表语,宾语)有 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
3. 反身代词 (自身代词)有 myself, herself, themselves 等。
4. 相互代词 有 each other, one another
5. 提示代词 有 this , that , these , those , those
6. 疑问代词 (用来引导特殊疑问句)有 who, what, whose 等。
7. 关系代词 (用来引导定语从句)有 which, that, who 等。
8. 不定代词 有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, any 等。不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
1.1 人称代词的用法
1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。
说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。( her 做宾 语, them 做介词宾语, her 做主语补语)
a. -- Who broke the vase? -- 谁打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. -- 我。( me 做主语补语 = It's me. )
说明:在上面两例句中,her 和 me 分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为 she 和 I 。