二、动名词的复合结构

    动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格，名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成．在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词．例如:
    His coming made me very happy．
    Mary’s crying annoyed him.
    She didn’t mind his crying．

三、动名词的时态和语态

    1. 动名词的时态
    动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动作以前发生，用动名词的一般式．例如:
    We are interested in playing chess.
    His coming will be of great help to us．
    如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。例如:
    I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
    2. 动名词的语态
    以write为例，其动名词的时态和语态变化是：
    一般式的主动语态：writing
    一般式的被动语态：being written
    完成式的主动语态：having written
    完成式的被动语态：having been written
    例如：
    No one enjoys being made fun of in public. 没人愿意当众被取笑。
    He hated being treated like a child. 他讨厌象对待小孩那样对待他。
    Do you remember having been sent such an e-mail? 你记得曾经给你寄过这样一封电子邮件吗？
    The house showed no sign of having been damaged. 这栋房子没有已经受损的迹象。
    注意：有些动名词在句中具有主动的形式，但含有被动的意义。这些动名词主要做need（需要）, want（需要）, require（需要）等的宾语以及介词worth的宾语。例如：
    The house needs repairing. = This house needs to be repaired.
    The situation requires careful handling. = The situation requires to be careful handled.
    Your hair wants cutting. = Your hair wants to be cut.
    The book is worth reading．