三、强调句的语法结构
1.用助动词“do(does/did)+动词原形”来表示强调:
Do write to me when you get there.你到那儿后务必给我来信。
2.用形容词very,only,single,such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气:
How dare you buy such expensive jewels?你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢?
3.用ever,never,very,just等副词和badly,highly,really等带有-l y的副词来进行强调:
I really don’t know what to do next.我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。
4.用in the world,on earth,at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句):
Where in the world could he be?他到底会在哪儿?
5.用感叹句来表示强烈的感情,突出说话人的情感:
How interesting a story it is!这是一个多么有趣的故事啊!
6.用重复来表示强调:
Why!why!The cage is empty!啊!啊!箱子是空的。
7.用倒装句(也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首)来加强语气:
On the table were some flowers.桌上摆着一些花。(强调地点)
8.用强调句型:“It is(was)+被强调的部分+that(who)+原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿:
It was on Monday night that all this happened.所有这一切发生在周一晚上。
9.用If来表示强调:
1)If从句+I don’t know who/what,etc.does/is/has,etc.
主语部分也可以用nobody does/is/has,etc.或everybody does/is/has,et c.来代替(这里的if从句往往是正话反说,反话正说):
If he can’t do it,I don’t know who can.要是他做不了这件事,我不知道还有谁能做。(强调只有他能做) If Jim is a coward,everybody is.要是吉姆是个胆小鬼,那么人人都是胆小鬼。(强调吉姆不是胆小鬼)
2)if从句+it be主句(此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形,即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面,把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中):
If anyone knew the truth,it was Tom.如果说谁了解事实的真相,那便是汤姆。
10.用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调,加强语气:
It’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work.那是因为艰苦的工作--十年艰苦的工作!
He began the work in late May.他在五月底开始的这项工作。(强调时间)
注意事项:
that后的强调句如果是原因状语从句,从句只能用because引导,不能用since,as或why。
It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.
强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/was + it + that/who + 其它部分?
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
强调句例句:I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语:It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
强调宾语:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that, who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was … ,其余的时态用It is … 。
11. not … until … 的强调句型
1)句型为:It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句:He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2)注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/was not … 已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
12. 谓语动词的强调
It is/was … that … 结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!
注意:此种强调只用do/does或did,没有别的形式;过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。