1. Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city!不幸的是所有的人都被活埋了,城市也是如此。
这是一个由and 连接的并列复合句,第一个分句中的形容词 alive用作主语补足语,说明主语的情况。第二个分句中的so was the city 是倒装结构。so是副词,表示“……亦如此,……也这样”。在这一结构中,如果前面是be动词,则用be动词;前面是实意动词时,则用do;前面是助动词或情态动词,则用助动词或情态动词连接。若前面是否定句,就要用neither或nor连接。例如:
I like playing football, so does she. 我喜欢踢足球,她也喜欢。
Tom didn’t go to the cinema last night, neither/ nor did Mary.汤姆昨晚没去看电影,玛丽也没去。注意:
1)如果下文是对上文的肯定或确认,则主谓不倒装。
--- Tom always works hard. 汤姆学习一直很努力。
--- So he does. 他确实是这样。
2)如果前面情况比较复杂,有不同的谓语动词或既有肯定又有否定的情况,则用So it is/ was with…结构。
Karl Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engels.
马克思出生于德国,德语是他的母语。恩格斯的情况也是如此。
Not only was Rome a city and a republic, but it was also to become the capital of one of the largest empires in history. 罗马不但是一座城市和一个共和国,而且成为历史上最大的帝国的首都。
not only… but (also)…引导的是并列句。not only否定词放在句首,应构成倒装,而but also引导的分句则不能倒装。句中的be to do 表示“注定”,用来描述过去的事实。例如:
2. Not only did he teach at school, but also he wrote novels in his spare time.
他不但在学校教书,在业余时间还写小说。
He came to power, but he was to pay dearly for it: soon he was killed.
他得到了权力,但却为此付出了昂贵的代价:不久他就被杀了。
be to do还可表示预定、义务、命令等。
The French president is to visit China. 法国总统即将访华。
You are to hand in your homework before 10:00. 你们必须在十点之前把作业交上来。