1. forgive, pardon 和excuse

     这三个词都有“原谅”的意思。excuse是常用词，指原谅社交上或惯例上礼节性的疏忽，宾语一般是过错，疏忽或犯过失的人。forgive指宽恕罪过，仇人等，含较强的个人感情，有“不计旧帐”，“从心里宽恕”的意思。pardon表“饶恕”，“赦免”意时，指宽恕严重的过失或法律上的犯罪行为；表“原谅”意时，与excuse用法相同。另外excuse 不能带双宾语， pardon 和forgive 可带双宾语。如：

Excuse me for coming late.
对不起，我来迟了。
He was forgiven his offences.
他的过错受到了宽恕。
He was pardoned after fresh evidence had come to light.
发现了新证据之后，他得到了赦免。

2. scold, blame和criticize

     这三个词都含有“责备，批评”的意思。blame指对错事、罪过等进行责备；scold指态度粗暴，言辞激烈的批评，可能有道理，也可能没道理；criticize多指理性的批评，还有“批判”，“评论”等意。

Bad workers often blame their tools.
拙匠常怪工具差。
She didn’t know who was to blame.
她不知道该责怪谁。
The mother scolded the son for not cleaning up his room.
母亲厉声责备儿子没打扫他的房间。
He was criticized for being late.
他因迟到而受到批评。