Unit 1 How can we become good learners?

Section A 语言知识精讲

1. I study by working with a group. 我通过小组合作来学习。
by+ving意为“通过……方式”。
例如：
She improves writing skills by reading a lot of books.
她阅读大量的书来提高写作技能。
He makes a living by singing.
他以唱歌为生。

2. I’ve learned a lot that way.
通过那种方式，我已经学到了很多。
a lot用来表示程度，修饰动词。
例如：
I’ve heard a lot about you recently.
最近我听说了很多关于你的事。
a lot of等同于lots of，后接名词，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
例如：
Jay Zhou writes a lot of songs.
周杰伦写了很多首歌。
He made a lot of money last year.
他去年赚了很多钱。

3. I have to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday.
我必须读完一本书，下周一要作报告。
finish意为“完成”，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。同样的用法也适用本课中的另外两个词：enjoy和practice.
例如:
You can’t watch TV unless you finish your homework.
你完成作业后可以看电视。
I want to keep the book for another week, because I haven’t finished reading it.
我想再借这本书一个星期，因为我还没读完。
My grandpa enjoys drinking tea.
我爷爷喜欢饮茶。
Her spoken English has improved a lot because she practices speaking it every day.
她的口语有了很大的提高，因为她每天练习说英语。

4. Don’t read word by word. Read word groups.
不要逐字读，要按意群读。
（1）句中by表示连续或反复，意为 “一个又一个”。类似的用法有：
little by little一点点；step by step一步步；day by day 日复一日；year by year 年复一年
（2）此句为祈使句。基本结构为：Don’t+动词原形+其它。
例如：
Don’t smoke here.
别在这里吸烟！
Leave me alone.
让我一个人静一静。
拓展
巧记祈使句歌诀
祈使句无主语，主语you常省去；
动词原形谓语当，句首加don’t否定变；
朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。

5. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.
你读得越多，速度就越快。
此句为“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”结构。意为“越……就越……”、“更……就更……”。
例如：
The more we get together, the happier we will be.
我们聚得越多就越开心。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越认真犯的错误就越少。

6. The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time.
老师讲的太快，我大多数时候都不理解她的意思。
so+adj./adv.+that从句，意为“如此……以致于……”。
例如：
She is so excited that she doesn’t feel like sleeping.
她是如此兴奋以致于没有睡意。
The rabbit ran so fast that the tortoise couldn’t catch it.
兔子跑得如此快以致于乌龟赶不上它。

7. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation.
但是我由于差劲的发音而不敢提问。
（1）be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事=be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事，害怕某物。
例如：
Don’t be afraid to ask your teacher for help.
=Don’t be afraid of asking your teacher for help.
别害怕向老师寻求帮助。
I’m afraid of snakes.
我怕蛇。
（2）because of意为“因为……”, 后接名词或动名词。而because 通常用于对why的提问，后接句子。
例如：
I’m late for school because of the heavy traffic.
=I’m late for school because the traffic is heavy.
因为交通堵塞我迟到了。

8. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in a dictionary.
但由于我想弄懂这个故事，所以我在词典里查了这些句子的意思。
look up除了有“向上看”的意思外，还有“查找”的意思。既可用look up sth, 也可用look sth up。如果所接的是代词，则代词放中间，如look it / them up。
I don’t remeber her telephone number, but I can look it up in the telephone book.
我不记得她的电话号码，但我可以在电话本里查找。
You can look up this word in the dictionary.
你可以在字典中查找这个单词的用法。
拓展
look相关短语：
look for 寻找；
look at 看；
look like 看起来像；
look after 照顾