1. 代词及be动词

　　主格 I we you you she/he/it they
　　宾格 me us you you her/him/it them
　　代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
　　名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
　　be动词现在时 Am are are are is are
　　be动词过去时 was were were were was were

　　2. 名词的复数

　　规则变化的名词复数形式
　　规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys
　　规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches
　　规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes
　　规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves
　　规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾， 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies

　　3. 动词的第三人称单数形式

　　规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks
　　规则2 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches
　　规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾， 变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

　　4. 动词现在分词

　　规则1 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing
　　规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
　　规则3 重读闭音节词结尾， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

　　5. 动词过去式

　　规则动词变化
　　规则1 一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played
　　规则2 以e结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived
　　规则3 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried
　　规则4 重读闭音节词结尾， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped
　　过去式的读音
　　在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped
　　在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched
　　在/t/，/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated

　　6. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

　　比较级
　　规则1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher
　　规则2 以e结尾加-r nice-nicer
　　规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busy-busier
　　规则4 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter
　　最高级
　　规则1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest
　　规则2 以e结尾加-st nice-nicest
　　规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busy-busiest
　　规则4 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest

　　7. 常见缩写：

　　is='s I am=I'm are='re
　　is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/
　　do not=don't
　　does not=doesn't
　　was='s
　　did not=didn't
　　can not=can't
　　have='ve
　　has='s
　　have not=haven't
　　has not=hasn't
　　will='ll
　　will not=won't
　　shall not=shan't

　　8. 一般过去时

　　含有be动词的句子
　　将be动词变为过去式。am, is的过去式为was, are的过去式为were：
　　I was at the butcher's.
　　You were a student a year ago.
　　The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
　　★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首
　　Were you at the butcher's?
　　Were you a student a year ago?
　　Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?
　　★变否定句在be动词后面加not
　　I was not at the butcher's.
　　You were not a student a year ago.
　　The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.
　　★肯定回答否定回答
　　Yes, I was. / No, I was not.
　　Yes, you were. / No, you were not.
　　Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.
　　不含be动词的句子
　　将动词变为过去式：
　　I finished my homework yesterday.
　　The boy went to a restaurant.
　　The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.
　　★变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型
　　Did you finish your homework yesterday?
　　Did the boy go to a restaurant?
　　Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?
　　★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not
　　I did not finish my homework yesterday.
　　The boy did not go to a restaurant.
　　The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.
　　★肯定回答及否定回答
　　Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
　　Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.
　　Yes, they did. / No, they did not.

　　9. 一般现在时

　　含有be动词的句子
　　★例句：
　　He is a teacher.
　　The girl is very beautiful.
　　Tim and Jack are students.
　　★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
　　Is he a teacher?
　　Is the girl very beautiful?
　　Are Tim and Jack students?
　　★变否定句在be动词后面加not
　　He is not a teacher.
　　The girl is not very beautiful.
　　Tim and Jack are not students.
　　★肯定回答及否定回答
　　Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
　　Yes, she is. / No, she is not.
　　Yes, they are. / No, they are not.