二、主动语态变被动语态
1. “主+谓+宾”句型变为被动语态时,先将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语(宾语如为人称代词,须将宾格变为主格)；然后将主动语态中谓语动词的主动语态变为被动语态；最后在谓语动词的被动语态之后加by,再将主动语态中的主语置于介词by之后(如为人称代词,须将其主格变为宾格)。被动语态中的by短语,如无必要指出,则可省去。
She was abandoned by her boyfriend.她被她的男朋友抛弃了。
The papers have not been signed by the manager.这些文件还没有经经理签字。
He was brought up by an aunt.他是由婶婶抚育成人的。
A battery is usually commanded by a captain.一个炮兵连通常由一位上尉来指挥。
Facer was sacked five days ago.费塞5天前被解雇了。
That letter was posted last night.那封信是昨晚寄走的。
A new school will be opened in the village soon.一所新学校不久将在该村落成。
The old mansion was built in 1850.这座古宅建于1850年。
2. 如宾语是that从句,变为被动语态时可用it作被动句的形式主语或把主动句中宾语从句的主语变为被动句的主语,宾语从句中的谓语部分变为动词不定式短语。
It's accepted that the universe is endless.大家公认宇宙是无穷尽的。
It was reported in the newspaper that the workers were still on strike.据报纸报道,工人们仍在罢工。
It is said that there has been a big flood.据说,那里遭受了一场大洪水的袭击。
It is generally believed that seeing is believing.人们普遍相信眼见为实。
It may be safely affirmed that he is innocent.完全可以断言他是无罪的。
He is known to be an expert.他被认为是一位专家。
3. “主+谓+宾+宾”句型(一般地说一为间接宾语,一为直接宾语)变为被动语态时,只将主动语态中的一个宾语变为被动语态中的主语,另一宾语不变。如将主动语态中的直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语,间接宾语之前则应加介词to(可省去)或for(一般不可省)。
She was accorded a warm welcome.她受到了热烈的欢迎。
She was told a long story.她听了一个长故事。
We were set a noble example.有人给我们树立了崇高的榜样。
He was shown the new school building over.别人领着他参观了一遍新校舍。
Many privileges were accorded to them.他们得到了许多特权。
John's house was sold to a Frenchman.约翰的房子卖给了一个法国人。
The news was cabled to his family.这一讯息已电告其家属了。
A new method has been suggested to us.有人向我们提议采用新的方法。
A new coat was bought for me.有人给我买了件新上衣。
4. 含有指人的宾语与指物的宾语两个宾语的句子,变为被动语态时,一般将主动语态中指人的宾语变为主语,偶尔也可将主动语态中指物的宾语变成主语,但指人的保留宾语之前一般不可加任何介词。
The students were asked a very unusual question.学生被问了一个很不寻常的问题。
Your offence will be forgiven you.你的无礼将得到宽恕。
Many questions were asked the minister by journalists.记者问了那位部长许多问题。
5. “主+谓+复合宾语”句型(含一个宾语加宾语补足语)变为被动语态时,只将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语,宾语补足语不变。
She has been accepted as a new member of the club.她已被接收为俱乐部的新会员。
The Chinese people are accounted industrious and brave.中华民族被认为是勤劳勇敢的民族。
Tom was chosen captain.汤姆被选为队长。
The teacher was asked to explain the difficult sentences again.老师被要求再解释一下这些难句。
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