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高考英语语法:被动语态
编辑:admin 时间:2015/6/26 11:38:30 来源:高中学习网

三、不能用于被动语态的情况

1. 谓语是及物动词:
leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等。
I'm leaving England and going to live in Australia.我即将离开英国去澳大利亚定居。
The train entered a tunnel.火车进入了隧道。
I reached Paris by plane on March 8.我于3月8日乘坐飞机到达巴黎。
That song doesn't suit her voice.那首歌不适合她的嗓子。
The reign of a wise ruler benefits his country.一位英明统治者的统治会对他的国家有益。
Some of the works lack artistic quality.有些作品艺术性不强。
2. 谓语是不可拆开的take place,consist of,lose heart,change colour,belong to等短语动词。
The threatening strike did not take place after all.可能来临的罢工终究没有发生。
A chair consists of a seat and a back.椅子是由椅座和椅背构成的。
Tiger and cat belong to the same family of beasts.虎与猫在兽类中属于同一科。
3. 宾语是无实意代词it。
As there's no cab,I have to foot it.因为没有出租车,所以我不得不步行。
4. 宾语是身体的某一部分的名词。
He shook his head at my suggestion.他对我的建议直摇头。
He shook her hand warmly.他热情地与她握手。
When her pet dog died my daughter cried her eyes out.我的女儿因她的爱犬死了而痛哭。
5. 宾语是某些抽象名词。
He lost interest in much of his research.他对大部分研究工作失去了兴趣。

四、被动语态与系表结构的区别

1. “系动词+用作表语的过去分词”称为系表结构,它与被动语态的形式完全一样,但有以下几点不同:
被动语态中的过去分词是动词,表动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,表状态。
The composition was written with great care.这篇作文写得很用心。(被动语态)
These articles are all sold out.这些货物全部出售了。(系表结构)
2. 被动语态可用by短语表动作的执行者;系表结构一般不用by短语。
The window was broken by the boy who lives next door.窗户是被住在隔壁的男孩打破的。(被动语态)
The question is settled.这个问题解决了。(系表结构)
3. 系表结构一般只用于一般现在时或一般过去时;被动语态则除可用于上述两种时态之外,还可用于其他时态。
The flowers will be planted next week.下周种花。(被动语态)
Museums are closed to the public on Mondays.博物馆每逢星期一闭馆。(系表结构)
4. 系表结构中的过去分词可被very修饰;被动语态中的过去分词可用much修饰。
He was very agitated.他很激动。(系表结构)
He was much agitated by the news.这消息使他很激动。(被动语态)
5. 被动语态只有被动意义;而系表结构在下列情况下可表主动意义:
过去分词表示心理、感情
过去分词是反身动词。
过去分词与介词搭配。
She is resolved to become a ballet dancer.她决心当一名芭蕾舞演员。
I am quite puzzled.我十分困惑。
The open square was bathed in light.宽阔的广场沐浴在阳光中。
The way was lost between the trees.小路消失在树林之中。
She was scared out of her wits.她吓得不知所措。
Are you interested in this subject?你对这门课感兴趣吗?
6. 有些句子既可是被动语态,也可是系表结构,应根据上下文去理解。
The door was closed.门关上了。
The road was mended.路修好了。


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