二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when可引导定语从句,表示时间,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。
There were long periods when we had no news of him.我们曾好长时间没有他的消息。
Jenney dreams of the day when she will be playing the piano for a living.珍妮梦想着有朝一日能以演奏钢琴为生。
This is the hour when the place is full of people.这种时候这地方到处都是人。
2. where可引导定语从句,表示地点,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。
Returning to a city where one used to live can be a saddening experience.重归故地有时会给人带来几许惆怅。
I went off in search of a garage where I could buy some petrol.我跑去寻找加油站买汽油。
The tourists sought out a shady spot where they sat down and rested. 旅游者找到一块阴凉的地方坐下休息。
3. why可引导定语从句,表示原因,常用在先行词reason后面。
The reason why she didn't get the job was that her English was not very good.她没得到这个工作的原因是她的英语不是很好。
The reason why he is late is that his car went wrong.他迟到的原因是他的汽车坏了。
That is the reason why we must go now.这就是我们现在必须走的理由。
This is one of the basic reasons why some of our work can't be done well.这是我们有些工作做不好的一个基本原因。
4. how可引导定语从句,表示方法,常用在先行词way后面。
This is the way how he always treats me. 他一贯就是这样对待我的。
That's the way how I learn English.那就是我学英语的方法。
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的修饰成分,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,与主句之间不能用逗号分开。
We have worked out a scheme which should save the company several thousand pounds a year. 我们设计出一个一年可为公司节省几千英镑的计划。
The custom dates from the times when men wore swords.该习俗始于人类佩带刀剑的时代。
2. 非限制性定语从句与主句关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that引导。
The patient,who had been asleep for nearly three hours,began to move his limbs.病人睡了将近3小时才开始动一动胳膊和腿。
This could be the winning game for the challenger,who only needs two more points for the championship.这场比赛可能是挑战者获胜,他只要再得两分就得冠军了。
Watch for our new improved product,which will be on the market next week!等着看我们新改进的产品吧,它们将于下星期开始在市场上出售。
The journey,which I remember well,was very pleasant.我清楚地记得那次旅行很愉快。
She was shown into a small room,where there was a dying man.她被领进了一间小屋,那里有一个垂死的人。
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