状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。
一、时间状语从句
1. 时间状语从句表时间,其关联词有:
as,after,before,once,since,till,until,while,when,whenever,as soon as,no sooner...than,as long as,barely/hardly/scarcely...when,now (that)等。
As you study a globe, you may notice that most of the large land areas are connected.当你观察地球仪时,你可能会注意到多数大块陆地是相连的。
Most children are able to walk before they are able to talk.多数孩子在会说话前就会走路。
Once inside her bedroom,she began to cry.一走进卧室,她就哭了。
Since I left college,I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
He did not come till I left the hotel.直到我离开旅馆他才来。
Half the committee walked out on the chairman while he was still speaking.当主席仍在讲话时,委员会的半数成员便离席以示抗议。
When the teacher came in Jed grabbed the novel on the desk.老师走进来时,杰德迅速把桌上的小说收起来。
Whenever I'm the only young person among all these older people,I feel out of it.每当我一个年轻人与这些老人在一起时,我总感到很不自在。
I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。
The motor boat put on speed as soon as it left the pier.汽船一离开码头就加快了速度。
No sooner had I heard the knock than I opened the door.我一听到敲门声,马上就开门了。
We had hardly started when it began to rain.我们刚出发,就开始下雨了。
Now (that) you mention it,I do remember the incident.经你一提,我想起那件事了。
2. 一些表示时间的副词和短语亦可引导状语从句。常用的有immediately,directly, the day,the minute (that),by the time,next time,every time等。
I come immediately I received your letter.我一收到你的信就来了。
I will telephone you directly I hear the news.我一听到消息,马上给你打电话。
His father died the day he was born.他父亲在他出生那一天去世了。
I'll tell him the minute (that) he gets there.他一到,我就告诉他。
He had left by the time we reached home.当我们到家时他已经走了。
Every time he comes to Wuhan, he will call on me.他每次来武汉都要来看我。
Next time you come, please bring your composition.你下次来,请把作文带来。
3. 时间状语从句中有些成分有时可省略。
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属热胀冷缩。
二、地点状语从句
1. 地点状语从句表地点，其关联词有：
where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等。
They live where the police can't get them.他们住在警察抓不到的地方。
Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
You can go anywhere you like.你可以去任何你想去的地方。
Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed.他们每到一处,都受到热烈的欢迎。
2. 地点状语从句中有些成分常可省略。
Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible.要随处避免这种结构。
三、原因状语从句
1. 原因状语从句表原因或理由，其关联词有：
because,as,since,now (that)等。because,as引导的从句可位于句首,也可位于主句之后；since和now (that)引导的从句一般位于句首。
Because I was ill, I didn't go to school yesterday.因为我病了,所以昨天没有去上学。
I study because I want to learn.我学习是因为我想学到知识。
As the wages were low,there were few applicants for the job.因为工资低,没有什么人申请这份工作。
I can't come tonight,as I'm going to a concert.今晚我不能来,因为我要去听音乐会。
Since we've no money, we can't buy it.由于我们没有钱,我们不能买它。
Now (that) John's arrived,we can begin.既然约翰来了,我们就可以开始了。
2. 下面几种情况只用because：回答why提出的问题；用来引导表语从句；用在强调原因状语从句的强调句之中；当从属连词前有only,just,simply修饰时。
“Why is he absent?”“Because he is ill.”“他为什么旷课？”“因为他病了。”
He did not speak to you, it was because he didn't recognize you.他没有跟你讲话是因为他没有认出你。
You shouldn't get angry just because some people speak ill of you.你不应该因为有人说你的坏话就大发脾气。
3. 注意for虽常译为“因为”,但它是并列连词,不是用来说明原因,而只是一种附带的、补充的解释或说明。
We must start early,for we have a long way to go.我们必须早点出发,因为我们有很长的路要走。
Something fell in,for I heard a splash.有东西掉进去了,因为我听见扑通一声。
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