6. “介词 + who(m) ”引导的宾语从句与“介词 +who(m) ”引导的宾语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾语,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如:
It was a matter of _________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析:答案为 A 项。由于这里的引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格 who (作宾语时自然要用 whom )。比较下例:
Our country has thousands of excellent scientists,most of whom have received higher education at home.
这是一个“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句。引导定语从句的是“ most of + 关系代词”,而不只是这个关系代词,同时这个引导词又作介词 of 的宾语,所以要用宾格 whom 。
7. 名词性从句中有插入成分时
此时应注意两点:一是从句仍然不倒装,而在插入成分上倒装;二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。例如:
_________ you have seen both fighters,_________ will win?
A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think
C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think
解析:答案为 D 项。其中 do you think 是插入成分,其余部分是宾语从句,作 think 的宾语。由于引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格 who .
8. 引导词 that 的省略
引导宾语从句时,that 通常可以省略,但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时,that 不能省略。例如:
China’s success in manned-space-craft travel shows _________ out country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析:该句中的从句作 shows 的宾语,是宾语从句,又因为从句中不缺主语、宾语,所以只能用 that 引导;又因引导宾语从句时 that 可以省略,所以答案是 C 项。
9. 同位语从句引导词 where,when 的用法特点
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词 where,when 与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。试比较:
① Then arose the question _________ we were to get so much money.
② This is the house _________ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
解析:①的答案为 A 项;②的答案为 A 项或 D 项。先行词与 where,when 概念一致时,是定语从句,此时,关系副词 where 或 when 可以用“介词 +which ”形式代替。①中的 question 与 where 不表同一概念,可见是同位语从句,where 不能改用“介词 +which ”的形式。②中的 house 与 where 同表地点,所以选 A 项或 D 项都可以。