连词是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then 等等。
一、并列连词与并列结构
并列连词引导两个并列的句子。
1) and 与 or
判断改错:
( 错 ) They sat down and talk about something.
( 错 ) They started to dance and sang.
( 错 ) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
( 对 ) They sat down and talked about something.
( 对 ) They started to dance and sing.
( 对 )I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析:
第一句: and 连接两个并列的谓语,所以 talk 应改为 talked 。
第二句: and 连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略 to ,因此 sang 应改为 sing 。
第三句: and 连接感观动词 saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构,因此 whisper 应改为 whispering 。
注意: and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。( or 也有此用法)
Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
One more effort, and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
2) both …and 两者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3) not only…but (also), as well as 不但 … 而且)
She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
注意: not only… but also 关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词 not 而必须倒装。
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
4) neithe…nor 意思为 " 既不 …… 也不 ……" 谓语动词采用就近原则,与 nor 后的词保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
二、比较 and 和 or
) 并列结构中, or 通常用于否定句, and 用于肯定句。
2) 但有时 and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点:
There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列结构用 or 连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构,因此要用 and 。
典型例题
---I don't like chicken ___ fish.
---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.
A. and ; and B. and ; but C. or ; but D. or ; and
答案 C 。否定句中表并列用 or, but 表转折。
判断改错:
( 错 ) We will die without air and water.
( 错 ) We can't live without air or water.
( 对 ) We will die without air or water.
( 对 ) We can't live without air and water.