1. by + doing 通过……方式　如：I get some news by watching TV.
    by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用”、“经过”、“乘车”等。如：
    I live by the river.        
    I have to go back by ten o’clock.
    The thief entered the room by the window.
    The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论　
    如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
    talk to sb. = talk with sb. 与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子：
    ①What/ how about +doing sth.?  如：What/ How about going shopping? 
    ②Why don’t you + do sth.?  如：Why don’t you go shopping?
    ③Why not + do sth. ?        如：Why not go shopping?       
    ④Let’s + do sth.           如：Let’s go shopping
    ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.?     如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 许多  常用于句末
    如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
5. too…to 太…而不能  常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 
    如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 
    三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
    ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。
    如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
    ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级, 须放在动词之后。
    如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
    ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思, 可位于动词之前或之后。
    如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。