模块七 Unit 4 重点句型

1. However, most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings.
然而，大多数去伦敦的火车只开到离市中心很远的城市边缘地带，因为在市内铺设铁轨会损坏许多有历史价值的建筑物。

（1）句中building railway tracks into the city是动名词短语，在because引导的原因状语中作主语。单个动名词或动名词短语作主语时谓语通常用单数形式。该从句中使用的是虚拟语气形式，我们可将building…至最后改为If railway tracks had been built into the city, they would have caused damage to many historic buildings

（2）句中damage是名词，意为“损坏”、“破坏”，常构成短语do damage to。如：
The traffic accident did a lot of damage to the car.
交通事故使汽车损坏得很厉害。

2. The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.
在过去的一年中，交通事故数量以及由交通事故所引发的死亡人数急剧上升。

     句中the number of 意思是“……的数量/数目”，谓语动词用单数形式，而相比之下a number of 意思是“许多/若干……”，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

The number of students in our school is large/small
我校学生的人数多/少。
短语arise from something或 arise out of something意思是“因某事而产生”、“由某事而引起”。如：

There are more and more family problems arising from the lack of communication.
因缺乏交流而产生的家庭问题现在越来越多。

His illness arose out of the lack of exercise and his unhealthy diet.
他生病是由于缺乏锻炼和不健康饮食而导致的。

     句中over the past year 相当于in the past year,所指的是一年前一直到现在，所以谓语用现在完成时。