3. other, the other, another, others, the others 的区别。

1）other 可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。
Where are his other books?
I haven't any other books except this one.
2）other 也可以用作代词，与冠词 the 连用构成“ the other ”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与 one 搭配构成“ one ..., the other ... ”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
3）other 作代词用时，可以有复数“ others ”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与 some 搭配构成“ some ...., others ... ”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
5）another 可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词 one.
You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?
6）another 也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.
4. every 与 each 的区别。
The teacher gave a toy to each child.
Each ball has a different colour.
当我们说 each child, each student 或 each teacher 时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说 every child 和 every student 时，我们想到的是全体的情况， every 的意思与 all 接近，表示他们都如此。
Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.