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高中英语语法:不定式
编辑:admin 时间:2015/6/5 10:02:58 来源:高中学习网

5. 作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件.例如:
    I came here to see you.(目的)
    We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)
    He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果)
    To look at him, you would like him.(条件)
    目的状语还可以用 in order to或 so as to来表示.如:
    In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard.
    We ran all the way so as not to be late.
    不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。例如:
    I am very glad to hear it.
    The question is difficult to answer.
    “ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语。例如:
    He is too old to do that.
    另外句子中有 enough这个词时,常用不定式作状语。例如:
    The room is big enough to hold us.
6. 作表语.例如:
    My job is to help the patient.
7. 作独立成分.例如:
8. 不定式与疑问词 who,which,when,where,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。例如:
    He didn’t know what to say. (宾语)
    How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)
    My question is when to start. (表语)
    注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。例如:Why not have a rest? 
9. 不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。多数情况下是容易判别的,但有时的确比较复杂,请注意以下几点:
    A) 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。
    Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door.)
    B) 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式.
    I have got a letter to write.(I write letter.)
    He needs a room to live in.(He lives in a room.)
    I know what to do.(I do what.)但这句如改为下列形式,不定式就得用被动形式:I know what is to be done.
    这是因为 what is to be done是宾语从句,从句中的主语 what是动词 do的动作对象
    C) 不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式,这是因为人们往往认为形容词后者去了for one或for people。例如:
    He is hard to talk to.(to talk to him)
    The book is difficult to understand.( to understand the book)
    但如果强调句中的受事者时,亦可用不定式被动式,例如:
    The handwriting is very difficult to be read.
    The box is too heavy to be lifted.
    D) 在there be的结构中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式,如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成,则用被动形式。
    There is a lot of work to do.   (Somebody has to do the work.)
    There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done.)
    请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的:
    There is nothing to do.意为无事可做,感到十分乏味。
    There is nothing to be done.意为某东西坏了,无法使之恢复正常。

三、不定式的时态
    l) 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作,通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或是在它之后发生。例如:
    I saw him go out.
    2) 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时不定式就要用进行式。例如:
    I am very glad to be working with you.
    3) 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就要用完成式。例如:
    I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

四、不定式的语态
    当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。例如:
    It is possible for our hopes to be realized.
    He was very pleased to have been given such an opportunity.


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