九、比较状语从句

1. 比较状语从句表比较,其关联词有：than..., as/so...as, according as, in proportion as等。
Paul is taller than I am.保罗比我高。
I'd rather play football than go swimming.与其去游泳我还不如去踢足球。
He is not as/so tall as you.他不如你高。
You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.你受表扬还是受批评将取决于你干得好或坏。
Some people are happy in proportion as they are noticed.有些人越受到注意就越高兴。
2. 比较状语从句中的有些成分也可省略。
I arrived as early as you (did).我和你到得一样早。
I don't get up as/so early as you (do).我起床不如你早。
3. 当as或than引导的从句主语为人称代词时,可用主格,也可用宾格。
Jenney is as tall as she/her.珍妮和她一样高。
Jack works better than I/me.杰克干活儿干得比我好。

十、表示“除外”的状语从句

“除外”的状语从句表示除外, 其关联词有：
but (that),except (that),excepting (that)等。
Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap.那孩子什么都不要,只要我把她抱在膝上。
I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.我对他一无所知,只知道他住在隔壁。
He is a good man excepting that he is too fond of drinking.他是个好人,可就是太爱喝酒。

十一、状语从句的简化—状语从句的省略

　　状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
　　就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化"。状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。
　　状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:
a. 连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
b. 连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩子时代就乐于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,但现在他是位著名的导演了。
c. 连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
d. 连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e. 连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。
He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。
f. 连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.)